Why Do My Gums Bleed When I Floss?

Have you ever stood in front of the mirror, flossing your teeth, only to see a bit of pink in the sink? If so, you’re not alone. Bleeding gums during flossing is a common issue, and while it may seem minor, it could be your body’s way of signalling that something needs attention. Let’s explore the reasons behind bleeding gums and what you can do to address it.

The Most Common Reason: Gum Inflammation (Gingivitis)

The most frequent cause of bleeding gums when flossing is gingivitis, which is the early stage of gum disease. It happens when plaque — a sticky film of bacteria — builds up along the gumline. If plaque isn’t removed through proper brushing and flossing, it can irritate the gums, causing them to become inflamed, tender, and prone to bleeding.

At this stage, the bleeding is often painless, which makes it easy to overlook. However, if gingivitis is left untreated, it can progress to periodontitis, a more severe form of gum disease that can lead to gum recession, tooth loss, and other health problems.

You’re New to Flossing — Or Not Doing It Regularly

If you’ve recently started flossing or do it inconsistently, your gums might bleed simply because they’re not used to it. Just like your muscles get sore when you start a new workout routine, your gums may react when you introduce flossing. The good news? This is temporary. With regular and proper flossing, your gums usually become healthier and the bleeding stops within a week or two.

Poor Flossing Technique

Believe it or not, how you floss matters. Snapping the floss down too hard between your teeth or using a sawing motion can injure your delicate gum tissue and cause bleeding. On the other hand, gentle and effective flossing helps remove plaque without damaging your gums.

The right technique involves:

• Gently sliding the floss between your teeth.

• Forming a “C” shape around each tooth.

• Gliding it up and down along the tooth surface and under the gumline.

If you’re unsure about your technique, ask your dentist or hygienist to demonstrate proper flossing at your next appointment.

Underlying Health Conditions

Sometimes, bleeding gums can point to more than just oral hygiene issues. Certain health conditions can increase your gums’ tendency to bleed. These include:

• Diabetes: Poor blood sugar control can weaken the body’s ability to fight off infection, including gum infections.

• Blood disorders: Conditions like hemophilia or leukemia can affect clotting and lead to bleeding.

• Vitamin deficiencies: A lack of vitamin C or vitamin K may make your gums more prone to bleeding.

• Hormonal changes: Pregnancy, menstruation, or menopause can make gums more sensitive due to hormonal shifts.

If you suspect a health issue might be contributing to your bleeding gums, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional.

Medications That Affect Gum Health

Certain medications can increase your risk of bleeding gums. These include:

• Blood thinners like warfarin, aspirin, or clopidogrel.

• Antihypertensives, which can sometimes cause gum overgrowth or inflammation.

• Immunosuppressants and chemotherapy drugs, which may affect your body’s ability to heal and fight infection.

Always let your dentist know about any medications you’re taking so they can tailor your oral care accordingly.

What You Can Do to Stop the Bleeding

The good news is that in most cases, bleeding gums can be reversed with good oral care habits. Here’s what you can do:

1. Floss Daily: Don’t skip days. Regular flossing helps reduce plaque buildup and inflammation.

2. Brush Twice a Day: Use a soft-bristled toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste. Be gentle but thorough.

3. Use an Antimicrobial Mouthwash: This can help reduce bacteria in your mouth.

4. Visit Your Dentist Regularly: Professional cleanings remove tartar, which can’t be eliminated by brushing and flossing alone.

5. Eat a Balanced Diet: Good nutrition supports your immune system and gum health.

6. Stay Hydrated: Water helps wash away food particles and bacteria.

When to See a Dentist

If your gums continue to bleed despite good oral hygiene, or if the bleeding is accompanied by pain, swelling, or persistent bad breath, it’s time to see a dentist. Early intervention can prevent more serious problems down the road.